Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition caused by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain’s ventricles, leading to increased intracranial pressure. It can affect individuals of all ages and may result from congenital defects, infections, trauma, tumors, or bleeding. Common symptoms include headaches, nausea, vision disturbances, cognitive decline, and in infants, an enlarged head. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent brain damage and support normal neurological function.
Two primary surgical treatments for hydrocephalus are Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement and Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV). In a VP shunt procedure, a flexible catheter system is inserted to divert excess CSF from the brain to the abdominal cavity, where it is absorbed naturally. ETV, on the other hand, is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure where a small opening is created in the floor of the third ventricle, allowing CSF to bypass the obstruction and flow normally within the brain.
The choice between VP shunt and ETV depends on the underlying cause, patient’s age, and anatomical considerations. Both procedures are highly effective when performed with precision and postoperative monitoring. Successful treatment relieves pressure on the brain, reduces symptoms, and significantly improves the patient’s quality of life.
