Brain stem tumors can originate from glial cells (gliomas) or spread from other regions as metastatic tumors. They are classified into low-grade and high-grade tumors, with the latter progressing more aggressively. Due to the compact structure of the brain stem, even small growths can affect multiple neurological functions simultaneously. Symptoms may include double vision, difficulty swallowing, imbalance, weakness, or speech disturbances. Because of their sensitive location, surgical treatment requires exceptional precision, with the primary goal being tumor control while preserving vital neurological functions.
Diagnosis begins with high-resolution MRI, often supplemented by MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging to understand the tumor’s extent and infiltration. Functional imaging helps identify surrounding neural pathways, ensuring safe planning. In some cases, a biopsy is performed to confirm tumor type. Surgical planning integrates neuronavigation systems and intraoperative monitoring to achieve maximal safe resection. Given the risks, decisions are individualized based on tumor location, size, and the patient’s overall health. Preoperative counseling ensures patients and families fully understand treatment options and recovery expectations.
Surgical intervention for brain stem tumors is highly specialized. Microsurgical techniques allow surgeons to access tumors with minimal disruption to surrounding tissue. Endoscopic-assisted approaches provide visibility in deep, narrow areas, making surgery safer. In certain cases where complete resection is not possible, partial removal is performed to reduce symptoms, followed by adjunct therapies like radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Radiosurgery may be considered for smaller, inoperable tumors. The primary objective remains balancing effective tumor control with preservation of neurological functions, ensuring safety and improved quality of life.
Recovery from brain stem tumor surgery is influenced by the tumor type, location, and extent of resection. Postoperative care often involves intensive monitoring in a neuro-ICU setting to manage vital functions. Rehabilitation may include physiotherapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy to restore movement, speech, and daily activities. Patients may require long-term follow-up with MRI to monitor for recurrence or progression. Supportive care, including counseling and nutritional guidance, plays a key role in helping patients regain independence and confidence during recovery.
Brain stem tumor surgery demands exceptional expertise and advanced technology due to the delicate nature of the region. Dr. Vamsi Krishna specializes in managing complex brain tumors using neuronavigation, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and minimally invasive techniques for maximum safety. His expertise ensures precise surgery while minimizing risks to critical neurological functions. At Yashoda Hospitals, Hitech City, Hyderabad, patients benefit from a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical excellence, advanced imaging, and rehabilitation support. With a focus on compassionate, patient-centered care, Dr. Vamsi Krishna provides trusted outcomes for individuals facing the challenges of brain stem tumors.
