Radiculopathy occurs when a nerve root exiting the spinal cord is compressed or irritated. Lumbar radiculopathy often causes leg pain (sciatica), while cervical radiculopathy can produce arm pain, weakness, or numbness. The severity depends on the degree of nerve compression and duration of symptoms. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent permanent nerve damage. Causes include disc herniation, bone spurs, spinal stenosis, trauma, or degenerative spine changes. Understanding the specific nerve involved guides treatment and ensures effective symptom relief. Proper assessment improves functional outcomes, reduces pain, and restores daily activity.
Diagnosis involves detailed neurological examination, assessment of reflexes, muscle strength, and sensory deficits. Imaging such as MRI, CT scans, or X-rays identifies nerve compression and spinal abnormalities. Electromyography (EMG) may evaluate nerve function and confirm radiculopathy. Comprehensive assessment allows the physician to determine the precise cause, affected nerve, and severity of compression, forming the basis of an individualized treatment plan. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent chronic pain and long-term neurological deficits.
Radiculopathy management begins with conservative measures such as physiotherapy, pain medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and lifestyle modifications. Epidural steroid injections may reduce inflammation and relieve nerve irritation. When symptoms persist or neurological deficits worsen, surgical interventions like discectomy, laminectomy, or minimally invasive decompression are considered. Surgical treatment focuses on relieving nerve compression, restoring spinal stability, and improving function while minimizing tissue trauma. Early intervention ensures faster recovery and reduces the risk of chronic nerve damage.
Recovery from radiculopathy depends on the cause, severity, and chosen treatment. Non-surgical management often includes guided physiotherapy, posture correction, and core strengthening. Post-surgical rehabilitation involves gradual mobilization, stretching, and strengthening exercises to restore flexibility and function. Pain management, ergonomic adjustments, and lifestyle modifications support long-term spinal health. Regular follow-ups ensure nerve recovery, monitor for recurrence, and optimize functional outcomes. Structured rehabilitation helps patients regain mobility, reduce pain, and resume daily activities with confidence.
Dr. Vamsi Krishna, Consultant Neurosurgeon at Yashoda Hospitals, Hitech City, Hyderabad, combines advanced diagnostic tools, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and patient-centered care for effective radiculopathy management. His expertise ensures precise nerve decompression, symptom relief, and long-term spinal health. With a focus on individualized treatment plans, early intervention, and comprehensive rehabilitation, patients benefit from improved function, reduced pain, and enhanced quality of life.
