A slipped disc, also known as a herniated or prolapsed disc, occurs when the soft inner gel of an intervertebral disc protrudes through its outer layer. This can irritate nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness along the affected nerve path. Most commonly, it affects the lumbar (lower back) or cervical (neck) regions. Risk factors include age-related degeneration, heavy lifting, poor posture, obesity, and trauma. Symptoms vary based on location and severity, ranging from mild discomfort to severe radiating pain. Early recognition and proper assessment are essential to prevent nerve damage and chronic pain.
Diagnosis involves a detailed physical and neurological examination to assess reflexes, muscle strength, and sensory deficits. Imaging studies such as MRI, CT scans, and X-rays help visualize the disc herniation, nerve compression, and spinal alignment. Electromyography (EMG) may be used to evaluate nerve function. Comprehensive assessment ensures accurate diagnosis, severity grading, and individualized treatment planning for optimal outcomes.
Initial management includes physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medications, lifestyle modifications, and activity adjustment. Epidural steroid injections may help reduce inflammation and pain. Severe cases with persistent pain or neurological deficits may require minimally invasive discectomy or endoscopic spine surgery to remove the herniated portion of the disc. The goal is to relieve nerve compression, restore mobility, and prevent recurrence while minimizing surgical risks.
Recovery involves gradual return to activity, guided physiotherapy, core strengthening, and posture correction. Post-surgical rehabilitation focuses on regaining flexibility, reducing pain, and improving spinal stability. Follow-up imaging and periodic evaluations ensure successful recovery and prevent future disc issues. Education on ergonomics and safe lifting techniques helps patients maintain long-term spinal health.
Dr. Vamsi Krishna, Consultant Neurosurgeon at Yashoda Hospitals, Hitech City, Hyderabad, offers advanced, minimally invasive techniques for slipped disc management. With precise diagnosis, tailored treatment plans, and comprehensive rehabilitation, he ensures effective pain relief, functional restoration, and long-term spinal wellness, making him a trusted expert for slipped disc care.
