Neurofibromas are benign tumors that develop from the nerve sheath, originating from Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and perineural cells. They can occur as solitary lesions or as part of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder causing multiple tumors along peripheral nerves. While typically slow-growing and noncancerous, neurofibromas can cause compression of surrounding nerves, leading to pain, numbness, weakness, or functional deficits. Depending on location—spinal, cranial, or peripheral—they may interfere with mobility, sensory function, or organ function. Early detection and evaluation by a neurosurgeon are essential to prevent progressive neurological complications and plan safe treatment.
Diagnosis begins with a detailed neurological examination, assessing motor strength, sensory function, and reflexes. Imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans help determine tumor size, location, and involvement of surrounding structures. For patients with multiple lesions, genetic testing and screening for associated complications may be recommended. Accurate diagnosis allows precise surgical planning and helps determine the safest approach for tumor removal while preserving nerve function.
Surgical excision is the mainstay treatment for symptomatic neurofibromas, especially those causing pain, neurological deficits, or cosmetic concerns. Techniques include microsurgical resection and minimally invasive approaches depending on tumor location and size. In spinal cases, laminectomy or keyhole approaches may be used to decompress neural structures. The primary goal is complete tumor removal while preserving nerve integrity and minimizing postoperative complications, ensuring optimal neurological outcomes.
Recovery after neurofibroma surgery involves careful neurological monitoring, pain management, and gradual mobilization. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy may be recommended to restore strength, mobility, and daily function. Regular follow-up with imaging ensures complete removal and monitors for recurrence. Most patients experience relief from symptoms, improved nerve function, and enhanced quality of life after surgery.
Dr. Vamsi Krishna, Consultant Neurosurgeon at Yashoda Hospitals, Hitech City, Hyderabad, specializes in complex peripheral and spinal nerve tumors. His expertise in microsurgical and minimally invasive techniques ensures safe tumor removal, maximal nerve preservation, and excellent long-term outcomes, making him a trusted specialist in neurofibroma management.
